GAAP and Non-GAAP Measures
The discussion and analysis of Signet’s results of operations, financial condition and liquidity contained in this Report are based upon the consolidated financial statements of Signet which are prepared in accordance with US GAAP and should be read in conjunction with Signet’s financial statements and the related notes included in Item 8 of Form 10-K. In Fiscal 2011, Signet changed the period of revenue and cost deferral for its extended service plan and this isf reflected throughout this Report; see above and Item 8 of Form 10-K for additional information. A number of non-GAAP measures are used by management to analyze and manage the performance of the business, and the required disclosures for these non-GAAP measures are given below. In particular, the terms “underlying” and “underlying at constant exchange rates” are used in a number of places. “Underlying” is used to indicate where adjustments for significant, unusual and non-recurring items have been made and “underlying at constant exchange rates” indicates where the underlying items have been further adjusted to eliminate the impact of exchange rate movements on translation of pound sterling amounts to US dollars.
Signet provides such non-GAAP information in reporting its financial results to give investors with additional data to evaluate its operations. Management does not, nor does it suggest investors should, consider such non-GAAP measures in isolation from, or in substitute for, financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP.
1. Same store sales growth
Same store sales growth is determined by comparison of sales in stores that were open in both the current and the prior year. Sales from stores that have been open for less than 12 months are excluded from the comparison until their 12-month anniversary. Sales from the 12-month anniversary onwards are compared against the equivalent prior period sales within the comparable store sales comparison. Stores closed in the current financial period are included up to the date of closure and the comparative period is correspondingly adjusted. Stores that have been relocated or expanded, but remain within the same local geographic market, are included within the comparison with no adjustment to either the current or comparative period. Stores that have been refurbished are also included within the comparison except for the period when the refurbishment is taking place, when those stores are excluded from the comparison both for the current year and for the comparative period. Sales to employees have also been excluded. Comparisons at divisional level are made in local currency and consolidated comparisons are made at constant exchange rates and exclude the effect of exchange rate movements by recalculating the prior period results as if they had been generated at the weighted average exchange rate for the current period. Ecommerce sales are included in the calculation of sales for the period and the comparative figures from the anniversary of the launch of the relevant website. Management considers it useful as it is a major benchmark used by investors to judge performance within the retail industry.
2. Income statement at constant exchange rates
Movements in the US dollar to pound sterling exchange rate have an impact on Signet’s results. The UK division is managed in pounds sterling as sales and costs are incurred in that currency and its results are then translated into US dollars for external reporting purposes. Management believes it assists in understanding the performance of Signet and its UK division if constant currency figures are given. This is particularly so in periods when exchange rates are volatile. The constant currency amounts are calculated by retranslating the prior year figures using the current year’s exchange rate. Management considers it useful to exclude the impact of movements in the pound sterling to US dollar exchange rate to analyze and explain changes and trends in Signet’s sales and costs.
(a) Fiscal 2011 percentage change in results at constant exchange rates
Fiscal 2011 | Fiscal 2010 | Change | Impact of exchange rate movement | Fiscal 2010 at constant exchange rates (non-GAAP) | Fiscal 2011 change at constant exchange rates (non-GAAP) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| $million | $million | % | $million | $million | % | |
| Sales | 3,437.4 | 3,273.6 | 5.0 | (18.5) | 3,255.1 | 5.6 |
| Cost of sales | (2,194.5) | (2,208.0) | (0.6) | 12.6 | (2,195.4) | - |
| Gross margin | 1,242.9 | 1,065.6 | 16.6 | (5.9) | 1,059.7 | 17.3 |
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | (980.4) | (916.5) | 7.0 | 4.9 | (911.6) | 7.5 |
| Other operating income, net | 110.0 | 115.4 | (4.7) | — | 115.4 | (4.7) |
| Operating income, net | 372.5 | 264.5 | 40.8 | (1.0) | 263.5 | 41.4 |
| Interest income | 0.7 | 0.8 | (12.5) | - | 0.8 | (12.5) |
| Interest expense | (72.8) | (34.8) | 109.2 | - | (34.8) | 109.2 |
| Income before income taxes | 300.4 | 230.5 | 30.3 | (1.0) | 229.5 | 30.9 |
| Income taxes | (100.0) | (73.4) | 36.2 | 0.3 | (73.1) | 36.8 |
| Net income | 200.4 | 157.1 | 27.6 | (0.7) | 156.4 | 28.1 |
| Basic earnings per share | $2.34 | $1.84 | 27.2 | $(0.01) | $1.83 | 27.9 |
| Diluted earnings per share | $2.32 | $1.83 | 26.8 | $(0.01) | $1.82 | 27.5 |
(b) Fourth quarter Fiscal 2011 percentage change in results at constant exchange rates
| 13 weeks ended January 29, 2011 | 13 weeks ended January 30, 2010 | Change | Impact of exchange rate movement | 13 weeks ended January 30, 2010 at constant exchange rates (non-GAAP) | 13 weeks January 30, 2010 at constant exchange rates (non-GAAP) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| $million | $million | % | $million | $million | % | |
| Sales | 1,270.5 | 1,196.8 | 6.2 | (7.0) | 1,189.8 | 6.8 |
| Cost of sales | (752.0) | (765.4) | (1.8) | 4.2 | (761.2) | (1.2) |
| Gross margin | 518.5 | 431.4 | 20.2 | (2.8) | 428.6 | 21.0 |
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | (336.7) | (282.6) | 19.1 | 1.5 | (281.1) | 19.8 |
| Other operating income, net | 28.7 | 28.4 | 1.1 | - | 28.4 | 1.1 |
| Operating income, net | 210.5 | 177.2 | 18.8 | (1.3) | 175.9 | 19.7 |
| Interest income | 0.1 | 0.1 | - | - | 0.1 | - |
| Interest expense | (51.0) | (7.6) | nm | - | (7.6) | nm |
| Income before income taxes | 159.6 | 169.7 | (6.0) | (1.3) | 168.4 | (5.2) |
| Income taxes | (54.2) | (54.2) | - | 0.4 | (53.8) | 0.7 |
| Net income | 105.4 | 115.5 | (8.7) | (0.9) | 114.6 | (8.0) |
| Basic earnings per share | $ 1.23 | $ 1.35 | (8.9) | $(0.01) | $ 1.34 | (8.2) |
| Diluted earnings per share | $ 1.21 | $ 1.34 | (9.7) | $(0.01) | $ 1.33 | (9.0) |
nm - not meaningful
(c) Fiscal 2010 percentage change in results at constant exchange rates
| Fiscal 2010 | Fiscal 2009 | Change | Impact of exchange rate movement | Fiscal 2009 at constant exchange rates (non-GAAP) | Fiscal 2010 change at constant exchange rates (non-GAAP) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| $million | $million | % | $million | $million | % | |
| Sales | 3,273.6 | 3,328.0 | (1.6) | (73.9) | 3,254.1 | 0.6 |
| Cost of sales | (2,208.0) | (2,262.2) | (2.4) | 48.4 | (2,213.8) | (0.3) |
| Gross margin | 1,065.6 | 1,065.8 | (0.0) | (25.5) | 1,040.3 | 2.4 |
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | (916.5) | (969.2) | (5.4) | 20.5 | (948.7) | (3.4) |
| Goodwill impairment | - | (516.9) | nm | (10.5) | (527.4) | nm |
| Relisting costs | - | (10.5) | nm | - | (10.5) | nm |
| Other operating income, net | 115.4 | 119.2 | (3.2) | (0.4) | 118.8 | (2.9) |
| Operating income, net | 264.5 | (311.6) | nm | (15.9) | (327.5) | nm |
| Interest income | 0.8 | 3.6 | (77.8) | (0.3) | 3.3 | (75.8) |
| Interest expense | (34.8) | (32.8) | 6.1 | - | (32.8) | 6.1 |
| Income before income taxes | 230.5 | (340.8) | nm | (16.2) | (357.0) | nm |
| Income taxes | (73.4) | (61.8) | 18.8 | 1.8 | (60.0) | 22.3 |
| Net income | 157.1 | (402.6) | nm | (14.4) | (417.0) | nm |
| Basic earnings per share | $1.84 | $(4.72) | nm | $(0.17) | $ 4.89) | nm |
| Diluted earnings per share | $1.83 | $(4.72) | nm | $(0.17) | $(4.89) | nm |
nm - not meaningful
3. Underlying operating income, underlying income/(loss) before income tax, underlying net income, underlying earnings per share and underlying operating margin percentage
In Fiscal 2011, Signet made a Make Whole Payment of $47.5 million as a result of the prepayment in full of the Private Placement Notes outstanding. In Fiscal 2010, the US division benefited by $13.4 million due to a change in its vacation entitlement policy. This benefit did not recur in Fiscal 2011. Management considers it useful to exclude these significant, unusual and non-recurring items to analyze and explain changes and trends in Signet’s and its divisions’ results. These underlying amounts are also shown excluding the impact of movements in the pound sterling to US dollar exchange rate.
(a) Fiscal 2011 reconciliation to underlying results
| Fiscal 2011 | Impact of Make Whole Payment | Fiscal 2011 underlying (non-GAAP) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| $million | $million | % | |
| Sales by origin and destination: | |||
| US | 2,744.2 | - | 2,744.2 |
| UK | 693.2 | - | 693.2 |
| 3,437.4 | - | 3,437.4 | |
| Operating income/(loss): | |||
| US | 342.7 | - | 342.7 |
| UK | 57.0 | - | 57.0 |
| Unallocated | (27.2) | - | (27.2) |
| 372.5 | - | 372.5 | |
| Interest income | 0.7 | - | 0.7 |
| Interest expense | (72.8) | 47.5 | (25.3) |
| Income before income taxes: | 300.4 | 47.5 | 347.9 |
| Income taxes | (100.0) | (18.0) | (118.0) |
| Net income | 200.4 | 29.5 | 229.9 |
| Basic earnings per share: | $2.34 | $0.34 | $2.68 |
| Diluted earnings per share: | $2.32 | $0.34 | $2.66 |
(b) Fiscal 2011 percentage change in underlying results, compared to Fiscal 2010 as reported and at constant exchange rates
| Fiscal 2011 | Fiscal 2010 | Change | Fiscal 2011 underlying (non- GAAP) | Underlying change (non- GAAP) | Fiscal 2010 at constant exchange rates (non- GAAP) | Fiscal 2011 underlying change at constant exchange rates (non- GAAP) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| $million | $million | % | $million | % | $million | % | |
| Sales by origin and destination: | |||||||
| US | 2,744.2 | 2,540.4 | 8.0 | 2,744.2 | 8.0 | 2,540.4 | 8.0 |
| UK | 693.2 | 733.2 | (5.5) | 693.2 | (5.5) | 714.7 | (3.0) |
| 3,437.4 | 3,273.6 | 5.0 | 5.0 3,437.4 | 5.0 | 3,255.1 | 5.6 | |
| Operating income/(loss): | |||||||
| US | 342.7 | 224.5 | 52.7 | 342.7 | 52.7 | 224.5 | 52.7 |
| UK | 57.0 | 56.5 | 0.9 | 57.0 | 0.9 | 55.1 | 3.4 |
| Unallocated | (27.2) | (16.5) | 64.8 | (27.2) | 64.8 | (16.1) | 68.9 |
| 372.5 | 264.5 | 40.8 | 372.5 | 40.8 | 263.5 | 41.4 | |
| Income before income taxes: | 300.4 | 230.5 | 30.3 | 347.9 | 50.9 | 229.5 | 51.6 |
| Net income | 200.4 | 157.1 | 27.6 | 229.9 | 46.3 | 156.4 | 47.0 |
| Basic earnings per share | $2.34 | $1.84 | 27.2 | $2.68 | 45.7 | $1.83 | 46.4 |
| Diluted earnings per share | $2.32 | $1.83 | 26.8 | $2.66 | 45.4 | $1.82 | 46.2 |
(c) Fourth quarter Fiscal 2011 percentage change in underlying results compared to Fiscal 2010 as reported and at constant exchange rates
The underlying results are reported results adjusted for the $47.5 million Make Whole Payment in Fiscal 2011.
| 13 weeks ended January 29, 2011 | 13 weeks ended January 30, 2010 | Change | 13 weeks ended January 29, 2011 underlying (non-GAAP) | Underlying change (non- GAAP) | 13 weeks ended January 30, 2010 change at constant exchange rates (non-GAAP) | 13 weeks ended January 29, 2011 underlying change at constant exchange rates (non-GAAP) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| $million | $million | % | $million | % | $million | % | |
| Sales by origin and destination: | |||||||
| US | 1,007.0 | 914.0 | 10.2 | 1,007.0 | 10.2 | 914.0 | 10.2 |
| UK | 263.5 | 282.8 | (6.8) | 263.5 | (6.8) | 275.8 | (4.5) |
| 1,270.5 | 1,196.8 | 6.2 | 1,270.5 | 6.2 | 1,189.8 | 6.8 | |
| Operating income/(loss): | |||||||
| US | 167.9 | 121.5 | 167.9 | 167.9 | 38.2 | 121.5 | 38.2 |
| UK | 55.3 | 60.4 | (8.4) | 55.3 | (8.4) | 59.0 | (6.3) |
| Unallocated | (12.7) | (4.7) | 170.2 | (12.7) | 170.2 | (4.6) | 176.1 |
| 210.5 | 177.2 | 18.8 | 210.5 | 18.8 | 175.9 | 19.7 | |
| Income before income taxes: | 159.6 | 169.7 | (6.0) | 207.1 | 22.0 | 168.4 | 23.0 |
| Net income | 105.4 | 115.5 | (8.7) | 134.9 | 16.8 | 114.6 | 17.7 |
| Basic earnings per share | $1.23 | $1.35 | (8.9) | $1.57 | 16.3 | $1.34 | 17.2 |
| Diluted earnings per share | $1.21 | $1.34 | (9.7) | $1.55 | 16.7 | $1.33 | 16.5 |
(d) Fiscal 2010 reconciliation to underlying results
| Fiscal 2010 | Impact of change in vacation entitlement policy | Fiscal 2010 underlying (non- GAAP) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| $million | $million | $million | |
| Sales by origin and destination: | |||
| US | 2,540.4 | - | 2,540.4 |
| UK | 733.2 | - | 733.2 |
| 3,273.6 | - | 3,273.6 | |
| Operating income/(loss): | |||
| US | 224.5 | (13.4) | 211.1 |
| UK | 56.5 | - | 56.5 |
| Unallocated | (16.5) | - | (16.5) |
| 264.5 | (13.4) | 251.1 | |
| Income before income taxes: | 230.5 | (13.4) | 217.1 |
| Net income | 157.1 | 148.8 | |
| Basic earnings per share: | $1.84 | $(0.09) | $1.75 |
| Diluted earnings per share: | $1.83 | $(0.09) | $1.74 |
(e) Fiscal 2010 percentage change in underlying results, compared to Fiscal 2009 as reported and at constant exchange rates
| Fiscal 2010 | Fiscal 2009 | Change | Fiscal 2010 underlying (non- GAAP) | Fiscal 2009 underlying (non- GAAP) | Underlying change (non- GAAP) | Fiscal 2009 at constant exchange rates (non- GAAP) | Fiscal 2010 underlying change at constant exchange rates (non- GAAP) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| $million | $million | % | $million | $million | % | $million | % | |
| Sales by origin and destination: | ||||||||
| US | 2,540.4 | 2,519.8 | 0.8 | 2,540.4 | 2,519.8 | 0.8 | 2,519.8 | 0.8 |
| UK | 733.2 | 808.2 | (9.3) | 733.2 | 808.2 | (9.3) | 734.3 | (0.1) |
| 3,273.6 | 3,328.0 | (1.6) | 3,273.6 | 3,328.0 | (1.6) | 3,254.1 | 0.6 | |
| Sales by origin and destination: | ||||||||
| US | 224.5 | (250.7) | nm | 211.1 | 157.3 | 34.2 | 157.3 | 34.2 |
| UK | 56.5 | (37.4) | nm | 56.5 | 71.5 | (21.0) | 65.0 | (13.1) |
| Unallocated | (16.5) | (23.5) | (29.8) | (16.5) | (13.0) | 26.9 | (11.8) | 39.8 |
| 264.5 | (311.6) | nm | 251.1 | 215.8 | 16.4 | 210.5 | 19.3 | |
| Income/(loss) before income taxes: | 230.5 | (340.8) | nm | 217.1 | 186.6 | 16.3 | 181.0 | 19.9 |
| Net income/(loss) | 157.1 | (402.6) | nm | 148.8 | 124.8 | 19.2 | 121.0 | 23.0 |
| Basic earnings/(loss) per share: | $1.84 | $(4.72) | nm | $1.75 | $1.47 | 19.0 | $1.42 | 23.2 |
| Diluted earnings/(loss) per share: | $1.83 | $(4.72) | nm | $1.74 | $1.47 | 18.4 | $1.42 | 22.5 |
(f) Fiscal 2009 reconciliation to underlying results and at constant exchange rates
| Fiscal 2009 | Impact of goodwill impairment and relisting | Fiscal 2009 underlying (non- GAAP) | Impact of exchange rate movement | Fiscal 2009 underlying change at constant exchange rates (non- GAAP) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| $million | $million | $million | $million | $million | |
| Sales by origin and destination: | |||||
| US | 2,519.8 | - | 2,519.8 | - | 2,519.8 |
| UK | 808.2 | - | 808.2 | (73.9) | 734.3 |
| 3,328.0 | - | 3,328.0 | (73.9) | 3,254.1 | |
| Operating income/(loss): | |||||
| US | (250.7) | 408.0 | 157.3 | - | 157.3 |
| UK | (37.4) | 108.9 | 71.5 | (6.5) | 65.0 |
| Unallocated | (23.5) | 10.5 | (13.0) | 1.2 | (11.8) |
| (311.6) | 527.4 | 215.8 | (5.3) | 210.5 | |
| (Loss)/income before income taxes: | (340.8) | 527.4 | 186.6 | (5.6) | 181.0 |
| Net (loss)/income | (402.6) | 527.4 | 124.8 | (3.8) | 121.0 |
| Basic (loss)/earnings per share: | $(4.72) | $6.19 | $1.47 | $(0.05) | $1.42 |
| Diluted (loss)/earnings per share: | $(4.72) | $6.19> | $1.47> | $(0.05) | $1.42 |
4. Net cash/(debt)
Net cash/(debt) is the total of loans, overdrafts and long term debt less cash and cash equivalents, and is helpful in providing a measure of the total indebtedness of the business.
| January 30, 2011 $m | January 31, 2010 $m | February 2, 2009 $m | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Long-term debt | - | (280.0) | (380.0) |
| Loans and overdrafts | (31.0) | (44.1) | (187.5) |
| (31.0) | (324.1) | (567.5) | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | (302.1) | 316.2 | 96.8 |
| Net debt | 271.1 | (7.9) | (470.7) |
5. Return on capital employed excluding goodwill (“ROCE”)
ROCE is calculated by dividing the annual operating income by the average quarterly capital employed and is expressed as a percentage. Capital employed includes intangible assets excluding goodwill, property, plant and equipment, other non-current receivables, inventories, accounts and other receivables, other assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities, deferred revenue and retirement benefit asset/obligation. This is a key performance indicator used by management for assessing the effective operation of the business and is considered a useful disclosure for investors as it provides a measure of the return on Signet’s and the divisions’ operating assets and has historically been used for certain performance awards.
6. Fixed charge cover; net debt to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization; and net tangible asset value
These non-GAAP measures are calculated exactly in accordance with Signet’s debt covenants as defined in the original and amended note purchase and revolving credit facility agreements. The Private Placement Notes were prepaid in full on November 26, 2010. These covenants are reported to the lending banks and needed to be met in order to maintain these funding facilities. The reporting of these measures provides an investor with an understanding of Signet’s ability to meet these conditions, which are described in Item 7 of Form 10-K.
7. Free cash flow
Free cash flow is a non-GAAP measure defined as the net cash provided by operating activities less net cash flows used in investing activities. It has been calculated both before and after the Make Whole Payment. Management considers that this is helpful in understanding how the business is generating cash from its operating and investing activities that can be used to meet the financing needs of the business. Free cash flow does not represent the residual cash flow available for discretionary expenditure.
| Fiscal 2011 $m | Fiscal 2010 $m | Fiscal 2009 $m | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 323.9 | 515.4 | 164.4 |
| Net cash used in investing activities | (55.6) | (43.5) | (113.3) |
| Free cash flow, including Make Whole Payment | 268.3 | 471.9 | 51.1 |
| Make Whole Payment | 47.5 | - | - |
| Free cash flow, excluding Make Whole Payment | 315.8 | 471.9 | 51.1 |